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Special Characters


HTML has a number of special characters that are normally recognised by the browser as part of a tag and so they are not displayed by the browser.

You may want to include one of these characters in the actual body of your document - for example, you need a > or a < sign in a mathematical equation - or in a HTML tutorial (like this one).

You must somehow prevent the web browser from interpreting the symbols as parts of a tag.

The following four characters:

  • the less-than symbol: <
  • the greater-than symbol: >
  • the ampersand: &
  • double quotes: "

can be displayed in the browser as follows,

> &gt;
< &lt;
& &amp;
" &quot;

Accents

In many languages there are accented characters. Again they are sandwiched between an & sign and a ; (a semi-colon). For example, to get an acute lower-case letter "e" you'd type

&eacute; to get é

and you'd type:

fad&oacute; to get fadó

Take a look at the following chart for more conversions

é&eacute;
É&Eacute;
è&egrave;
á&aacute;
à&agrave;
ü&uuml;
ç&ccedil;
â&acirc;
©&copy;
&nbsp; 

The last item in the table above &nbsp;, is called a fixed space. Just as carraige returns are not recognised by the browser, neither are multiple spaces. If you want multiple spaces between words or characters you must use &nbsp; for each space.

So if you type:

Celticweb SPACEBAR SPACEBAR SPACEBAR SPACEBAR SPACEBAR Internet

Where SPACEBAR is you hitting the SPACEBAR, the browser would display:

Celticweb Internet

So you need to type:

Celticweb &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Internet

to get

Celticweb       Internet

Find out more about special characters.


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